Smart Nanomaterials for Biosensing and Diagnostics
Smart nanomaterials have emerged as transformative tools in the fields of biosensing and diagnostics, offering unprecedented sensitivity, selectivity, and real-time analysis capabilities. These materials, which include nanoparticles, nanowires, quantum dots, carbon-based nanostructures (like graphene and carbon nanotubes), and stimuli-responsive polymers, are designed to respond dynamically to biological or chemical stimuli, enabling precise detection of target analytes at ultra-low concentrations. In biosensing applications, smart nanomaterials act as critical components that improve the transduction mechanism—converting biological interactions into measurable signals. Their large surface-to-volume ratio allows enhanced interaction with biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, and enzymes, facilitating faster and more accurate detection. Gold nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles, for example, are commonly functionalized with antibodies or aptamers to create highly specific bios...
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