Can deep learning transform heart failure prevention
A deep neural network called CHAIS may soon replace invasive procedures like catheterization as the new gold standard for monitoring heart health.
Researchers from MIT and Harvard Medical School recently published an open-access , introducing a noninvasive deep learning approach that analyzes electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to accurately predict a patient’s risk of developing heart failure. In a clinical trial, the model showed results with accuracy comparable to gold-standard but more-invasive procedures, giving hope to those at risk of heart failure. The condition has recently seen in mortality, particularly among young adults, likely due to the growing prevalence of obesity and diabetes.
“This paper is a culmination of things I’ve talked about in other venues for several years,” says the paper’s senior author Collin Stultz, director of and affiliate of the (Jameel Clinic). “The goal of this work is to identify those who are starting to get sick even before they have symptoms so that you can intervene early enough to prevent hospitalization.”
Of the heart’s four chambers, two are atria and two are ventricles — the right side of the heart has one atrium and one ventricle, and vice versa. In a healthy human heart, these chambers operate in a rhythmic synchrony: oxygen-poor blood flows into the heart via the right atrium. The right atrium contracts and the pressure generated pushes the blood into the right ventricle where the blood is then pumped into the lungs to be oxygenated. The oxygen-rich blood from the lungs then drains into the left atrium, which contracts, pumping the blood into the left ventricle. Another contraction follows, and the blood is ejected from the left ventricle via the aorta, flowing into veins branching out to the rest of the body.
“When the left atrial pressures become elevated, the blood drain from the lungs into the left atrium is impeded because it’s a higher-pressure system,” Stultz explains. In addition to being a professor of electrical engineering and computer science, Stultz is also a practicing cardiologist at Mass General Hospital (MGH). “The higher the pressure in the left atrium, the more pulmonary symptoms you develop — shortness of breath and so forth. Because the right side of the heart pumps blood through the pulmonary vasculature to the lungs, the elevated pressures in the left atrium translate to elevated pressures in the pulmonary vasculature.”
The current gold standard for measuring left atrial pressure is right heart catheterization (RHC), an invasive procedure that requires a thin tube (the catheter) attached to a pressure transmitter to be inserted into the right heart and pulmonary arteries. Physicians often prefer to assess risk noninvasively before resorting to RHC, by examining the patient’s weight, blood pressure, and heart rate.
But in Stultz’s view, these measures are coarse, as evidenced by the fact that “What we are seeking is something that gives you information like that of an invasive device, other than a simple weight scale,” Stultz says.
In order to gather more comprehensive information on a patient’s heart condition, physicians typically use a 12-lead ECG, in which 10 adhesive patches are stuck onto the patient and linked with a machine that produces information from 12 different angles of the heart. However, 12-lead ECG machines are only accessible in clinical settings and they are also not typically used to assess heart failure risk.
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The ancient Greek philosopher and polymath Aristotle once concluded that the human heart is tri-chambered and that it was the single most important organ in the entire body, governing motion, sensation, and thought.
Today, we know that the human heart actually has four chambers and that the brain largely controls motion, sensation, and thought. But Aristotle was correct in observing that the heart is a vital organ, pumping blood to the rest of the body to reach other vital organs. When a life-threatening condition like heart failure strikes, the heart gradually loses the ability to supply other organs with enough blood and nutrients that enables them to function.
Today, we know that the human heart actually has four chambers and that the brain largely controls motion, sensation, and thought. But Aristotle was correct in observing that the heart is a vital organ, pumping blood to the rest of the body to reach other vital organs. When a life-threatening condition like heart failure strikes, the heart gradually loses the ability to supply other organs with enough blood and nutrients that enables them to function.
Researchers from MIT and Harvard Medical School recently published an open-access , introducing a noninvasive deep learning approach that analyzes electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to accurately predict a patient’s risk of developing heart failure. In a clinical trial, the model showed results with accuracy comparable to gold-standard but more-invasive procedures, giving hope to those at risk of heart failure. The condition has recently seen in mortality, particularly among young adults, likely due to the growing prevalence of obesity and diabetes.
“This paper is a culmination of things I’ve talked about in other venues for several years,” says the paper’s senior author Collin Stultz, director of and affiliate of the (Jameel Clinic). “The goal of this work is to identify those who are starting to get sick even before they have symptoms so that you can intervene early enough to prevent hospitalization.”
Of the heart’s four chambers, two are atria and two are ventricles — the right side of the heart has one atrium and one ventricle, and vice versa. In a healthy human heart, these chambers operate in a rhythmic synchrony: oxygen-poor blood flows into the heart via the right atrium. The right atrium contracts and the pressure generated pushes the blood into the right ventricle where the blood is then pumped into the lungs to be oxygenated. The oxygen-rich blood from the lungs then drains into the left atrium, which contracts, pumping the blood into the left ventricle. Another contraction follows, and the blood is ejected from the left ventricle via the aorta, flowing into veins branching out to the rest of the body.
“When the left atrial pressures become elevated, the blood drain from the lungs into the left atrium is impeded because it’s a higher-pressure system,” Stultz explains. In addition to being a professor of electrical engineering and computer science, Stultz is also a practicing cardiologist at Mass General Hospital (MGH). “The higher the pressure in the left atrium, the more pulmonary symptoms you develop — shortness of breath and so forth. Because the right side of the heart pumps blood through the pulmonary vasculature to the lungs, the elevated pressures in the left atrium translate to elevated pressures in the pulmonary vasculature.”
The current gold standard for measuring left atrial pressure is right heart catheterization (RHC), an invasive procedure that requires a thin tube (the catheter) attached to a pressure transmitter to be inserted into the right heart and pulmonary arteries. Physicians often prefer to assess risk noninvasively before resorting to RHC, by examining the patient’s weight, blood pressure, and heart rate.
But in Stultz’s view, these measures are coarse, as evidenced by the fact that “What we are seeking is something that gives you information like that of an invasive device, other than a simple weight scale,” Stultz says.
In order to gather more comprehensive information on a patient’s heart condition, physicians typically use a 12-lead ECG, in which 10 adhesive patches are stuck onto the patient and linked with a machine that produces information from 12 different angles of the heart. However, 12-lead ECG machines are only accessible in clinical settings and they are also not typically used to assess heart failure risk.
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International Young Scientist Awards
Website link: youngscientistawards.com
NominationLink:https://youngscientistawards.com/awardnomination/ecategory=Awards&rcategoryrdee
Contact Us: support@youngscientistawards.com
___________________________________
Social Media:
Twitter : https://twitter.com/youngsc06963908
Linkedin- : https://www.linkedin.com/in/shravya-r...
Pinterest : https://in.pinterest.com/youngscienti...
Blog : https://youngscientistaward.blogspot....
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