Harnessing plant odors to revolutionize sustainable agriculture

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are essential airborne signals or odors that enable plants to communicate with other organisms and plants across short and long distances. A key aspect of this communication occurs when a plant is damaged by herbivorous pests, triggering the release of VOCs. These compounds can be detected by neighboring plants, prompting them to enhance their defenses against potential threats. This complex biochemical strategy enables plants to protect themselves effectively from various stresses.






This field of study has recently garnered significant interest due to its promising applications in agriculture. In this vein, Professor Gen-ichiro Arimura and his colleague Mr. Takuya Uemura from Tokyo University of Science, Japan, set out to explore the molecular pathways behind this communication and its potential applications in sustainable agriculture.



n't possess a sophisticated olfactory system like animals, they are able to detect and react to a wide range of VOCs based on structural similarities to compounds they or their ancestors encountered during beneficial or harmful interactions with various organisms,” explains Prof. Arimura.


Plants emit various types of VOCs when under attack, such as isoprene, terpenoids, and green leaf volatiles. These compounds have long been recognized for their role in signaling across species, attracting beneficial insects, or repelling herbivores. Notably, monoterpenoids, which are abundant in mint plants, have been commercialized for their pest-repelling, antimicrobial, and ovicidal properties. This study revealed that these plant-plant interactions are not limited to related plants but can also occur between non-kin plants.


Once emitted, VOCs are absorbed through the stomata and diffuse across the mesophyll cells of neighboring plants. The plant’s response involves intricate intracellular and intercellular signaling mechanisms. For instance, calcium fluxes play a key role in signaling cascades. In the VOC-receiving plants, hydrocarbons like β-caryophyllene can regulate gene expression by interacting with the chromatin, a structure that controls DNA accessibility. This process, known as chromatin remodeling, triggers the activation of gene transcription, thereby preparing the plant for enhanced defense responses.

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